A. HORTATORY
EXPOSITION
Definition
• Hortatory
exposition is a type of spoken or written text that is intended to explain the
listeners or readers that something should or should not happen or be done.
• Hortatory
exposition text can be found in scientific books, journals, magazines,
newspaper articles, academic speech or lectures, research report etc.
• Hortatory
expositions are popular among science, academic community and educated people.
• To
strengthen the explanation, the speaker or writer needs some arguments as the
fundamental reasons of the given idea. In other words, this kind of text can be
called as argumentation.
Purpose:
To persuade the readers that something should or should not
be the case or be done.
Generic Structure:
1. Thesis :
Statement or announcement of issue concern
2. Arguments
: Reasons for concern that will lead to recommendation
3. Recommendation
: Statement of what should or should not happen or be done based on the given
arguments
Language features:
1. Using Simple Present Tense
2. Using modals
3. Using action verbs
4. Using thinking verbs
5. Using adverbs
6. Using adjective
7. Using technical terms
8. Using general and abstract noun
9. Using connectives/transition
Then what is the basic difference between analytical and
hortatory exposition?
In simple word. Analytical is the answer of “How is/will”
while hortatory is the answer of “How should”. Analytical exposition will be
best to describe “How will student do for his examination? The point is the
important thing to do. But for the question” How should student do for his
exam?” will be good to be answered with hortatory. It is to convince that the
thing should be done.
The examples of Hortatory Exposition:
Internet for students
Nowadays, in modern
era, I think internet is very important for students.
As we all know internet has many function for supporting our
life. They are, first, it gives us various information, news, knowledge etc.
Students can search anything or something from internet. Take for example, they
search about education, entertainment, knowledge etc that is in the world.
Second, they can add their friends in all countries in the
world by internet. Chatting, e-mail, facebook, twitter, interpals are some
examples of internet facility to have many friends. Besides, they can share,
communicate, discuss and so on.
From my arguments above, as student, we should use internet
facility well to get knowledge, friends, information etc.
_________________________
Watching TV
Thesis:
Is it important to
know what your kids are watching? Of course it is. Television can expose your
children to things that you have tried to protect them from, especially
violence, drug abuse, etc.
Argument 1:
One study
demonstrated that watching too much TV during the day or at bedtime often
causes bedtime resistance, sleep onset delay and anxiety around sleep, followed
by shortened sleep duration.
Argument 2:
Another study found a
significant association between the amount of time spent watching television
during adolescence and early adulthood, and the like hood of subsequent
aggressive acts against others.
Argument 3:
Meanwhile, many studies have found an association between
kids watching a lot of TV, being inactive and overweight.
Recommendation:
Considering some facts above, protect your children with
some following tips:
1. Limit
television viewing to 1-2 hours each day.
2. Do not
allow your children to have a TV set in their bedrooms.
3. Review
the ratings of TV shows that your children watch.
4. Watch
television with your children and discuss what is happening during the show.
TASK 1
Choose one of the best topic and make Hortatory Exposition
text like example above !!
1. garbage
in urban areas
2. corruption
in Indonesia
3. traditional
market
4. modern
market
5. drug
abuse
6. global
warming
7. junk food
Task 2
Anybody who is over the age of six knows that there is
nowhere safe for skateboarders to skate. This prevents young people from
enjoying an active, energetic and adventurous pastime.
Just watch a
local street for a short while and note the steady stream of skaters speeding
up and down the footpaths. Toddlers can be trampled on and old ladies can be
knocked down as they struggle home carrying their cat food from supermarkets.
Skateboarding is a serious sport that improves young peoples health. It
increases fitness, improves balance and strengthens the joints in knees and
ankles. Although it appears to be a solo sport, when groups practice together
and compete to perform stunts or runs they form firm friendships.
Young people
should be prevented from becoming overweight couch potatoes. If they are
actively involved in skating, they do not smoke, take drugs or break laws for
fun.
Kids will
always seek thrills and excitement. They need to practice their 180s, 360s and
Ollieâs free from restrictions. We must build skate parks in the suburbs so
that streets are safe for small children and senior citizens and skaters have
spaces where they can race, chase, speed, and soar towards the sun.
Question and Answer :
1. Where do the kids usually ride their skateboard?
2. What is the main idea of paragraph 3?
3. The writers purpose in writing the text is â? .
4. What must we do to let the skaters play?
5. They need to practice their 180s, 360s and Ollieâs free
from restrictions. (Paragraph 5)
The synonym of the underlined word is ?
B. GRAMMAR
STAGE 3
Some Notes on Quantifiers
Like articles, quantifiers are words that precede and modify
nouns. They tell us how many or how much. Selecting the correct quantifier
depends on your understanding the distinction between Count and Non-Count
Nouns. For our purposes, we will choose the count noun trees and the non-count
noun dancing:
The following
quantifiers will work with count nouns:
many trees
a few trees
few trees
several trees
a couple of
trees
none of the
trees
The following
quantifiers will work with non-count nouns:
not much dancing
a little dancing
little dancing
a bit of dancing
a good deal of
dancing
a great deal of
dancing
no dancing
The following
quantifiers will work with both count and non-count nouns:
all of the
trees/dancing
some
trees/dancing
most of the
trees/dancing
enough
trees/dancing
a lot of
trees/dancing
lots of
trees/dancing
plenty of
trees/dancing
a lack of
trees/dancing
In formal academic writing, it is usually better to use many
and much rather than phrases such as a lot of, lots of and plenty of.
There is an important difference between "a
little" and "little" (used with non-count words) and between
"a few" and "few" (used with count words). If I say that
Tashonda has a little experience in management that means that although
Tashonda is no great expert she does have some experience and that experience
might well be enough for our purposes. If I say that Tashonda has little
experience in management that means that she doesn't have enough experience. If
I say that Charlie owns a few books on Latin American literature that means
that he has some some books — not a lot of books, but probably enough for our
purposes. If I say that Charlie owns few books on Latin American literature,
that means he doesn't have enough for our purposes and we'd better go to the
library.
Unless it is combined with of, the quantifier
"much" is reserved for questions and negative statements:
• Much of
the snow has already melted.
• How much
snow fell yesterday?
• Not much.
Note that the quantifier "most of the" must
include the definite article the when it modifies a specific noun, whether it's
a count or a non-count noun: "most of the instructors at this college have
a doctorate"; "most of the water has evaporated." With a general
plural noun, however (when you are not referring to a specific entity), the
"of the" is dropped:
• Most
colleges have their own admissions policy.
• Most
students apply to several colleges.
An indefinite article is sometimes used in conjunction with
the quantifier many, thus joining a plural quantifier with a singular noun
(which then takes a singular verb):
• Many a
young man has fallen in love with her golden hair.
• Many an
apple has fallen by October.
Excercise
Use how much or how many from the dropdown menu to complete
the questions. Mind countable and uncountable nouns.
1. ____________
stars are there in the sky?
2. ____________
people live on islands?
3.
____________ birds are there?
4. ____________
water is in the ocean?
5. ____________
money is in a bank?
6. ____________
countries are there in the world?
7. ____________
bread is eaten per day?
8. ____________
bones are there in the human body?
9. ____________
sand is in the deserts?
10. ____________
information is on the internet?
Choose the appropriate quantifiers. Remember there are
quantifiers are only used for uncountable noun and there is for countable nouns
only.
She has ....................money. She cannot buy anything.
Don't worry. I've got .................time to be with you.
We need ............... water for our next biking trip.
Do you know .............people here?
..........................people died in this accident. Only
...............people was badly injured.
................ of the the cars was expensive.
How .............money do you need for your next trip?
I have ..............information about it. Sorry. I can't
tell you.
Written by : Rinrin Komariah
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